Green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using various capping agents for catalytic application

Abstract

The demand for green chemistry approaches in nanotechnology has driven the development of environmentally benign methods for synthesizing metal nanoparticles. We investigate the green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) using plant extracts as eco-friendly capping and reducing agents. White onion (Allium cepa), turmeric (Curcuma longa), ginger (Zingiber officinale), and garlic (Allium sativum) extracts were investigated as capping agents for the synthesis of Pd NPs. The Pd NPs were characterized using FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. For the FTIR results, there were shifts in the peaks after the synthesis of nanoparticles from the various extracts which ranged from 3276cm^-1 – 3259cm ^-1 ; 2962cm^-1 -2885cm^-1; 1627-1631cm^-1 for OH and CH stretching, NH bond. While the UV results ranged from 196–424nm depending on the phytochemicals present in the extract. The functional groups in the plant and root extracts play a significant role in reducing and stabilizing Pd NPs, promoting nanoparticles with unique optical properties that offer a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical synthesis, yielding Pd NPs with promising catalytic applications in Buchwald-Hartwig animation reaction. Using abundant plant extracts presents an efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly approach to nanoparticle synthesis.